American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test

Which type of melanoma is most commonly associated with individuals of African descent?

1. Acral lentiginous melanoma

2. Superficial spreading melanoma

3. Nodular melanoma

4. Lentigo maligna melanoma

The correct answer is: Acral lentiginous melanoma

Acral lentiginous melanoma is the type most commonly associated with individuals of African descent. This form of melanoma typically appears on palms, soles, and under the nails, and it can be particularly challenging to detect early due to its location. Unlike other melanoma types that might be linked to UV exposure, acral lentiginous melanoma occurs more frequently in non-sun-exposed areas and is not as closely tied to skin type or pigmentation. This subtype is significant because it highlights the importance of awareness and screening in populations where typical melanoma presentations may be less common, and early detection can greatly improve treatment outcomes. In contrast, superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma are generally more prevalent in lighter-skinned individuals, particularly those from European backgrounds. Those types tend to characterize different growth patterns or presentations associated with sun exposure, which is less relevant in the context of individuals of African descent.