American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test

Which condition is characterized by an altered level of consciousness and a confused state?

1. Dementia

2. Delirium

3. Alzheimer's Disease

4. Anxiety Disorder

The correct answer is: Delirium

Delirium is a clinical syndrome characterized by an acute alteration in mental status, including changes in consciousness and cognitive function. It often presents with confusion, disorientation, and difficulty focusing or sustaining attention. This condition can develop rapidly, sometimes in a matter of hours to days, and is typically caused by underlying medical issues, such as infections, metabolic imbalances, or substance-related factors. Unlike dementia or Alzheimer's disease, which develop more gradually and result in a progressive decline in cognitive function, delirium occurs suddenly and is often reversible once the underlying cause is addressed. Anxiety disorders, on the other hand, primarily involve excessive worry or fear but do not typically cause significant alterations in consciousness or cognitive confusion in the same manner as delirium. Thus, delirium is the most accurate choice for the condition described, given its specific characteristics of an altered level of consciousness and confusion.