American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test

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What renal physiological change occurs with aging?

Increased renal mass and efficiency
Decreased renal blood flow by 10% per decade
Increased glomerular filtration rate
Increased thirst perception

The correct answer is: Decreased renal blood flow by 10% per decade

As individuals age, significant changes occur in renal physiology, and one of the key changes is a decrease in renal blood flow. Specifically, studies have demonstrated that renal blood flow declines by approximately 10% per decade after the age of 20. This reduction can be attributed to several factors, including vascular changes and a decrease in the number of functioning nephrons. A decreased renal blood flow manifests in various ways, such as compromised filtration functions and a decreased ability of the kidneys to respond to metabolic demands. This decline is crucial as it affects the kidneys’ ability to maintain homeostasis, manage fluid balance, and handle the excretion of waste products efficiently. Understanding this aspect of renal physiology helps to highlight the importance of kidney health in the aging population, as it can lead to increased risks of medication toxicity, electrolyte imbalances, and other renal-related problems. This knowledge is essential for healthcare providers when considering the management and treatment options for older patients.