American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test

What must be done to minimize the risk of cytokine release syndrome when using antithymocyte globulin?

1. No premedication required

2. Premedication is essential

3. Use of high doses only

4. Sequential dosing

The correct answer is: Premedication is essential

Premedication is essential to minimize the risk of cytokine release syndrome when using antithymocyte globulin. This syndrome can occur after administration of antithymocyte globulin due to the activation of T cells and the release of various cytokines. To counteract this, certain premedications are typically administered prior to the infusion of antithymocyte globulin. These may include corticosteroids, antihistamines, and antipyretics, which can help mitigate the inflammatory responses and reduce the likelihood of severe adverse reactions. The approach of premedication has been shown to be protective by dampening the immune response and maintaining patient comfort during the infusion process. This practice is critical, especially in patients who may be more susceptible to the adverse effects of cytokines. Therefore, incorporating a premedication regimen is a proactive strategy in the administration of antithymocyte globulin to protect against cytokine release syndrome.