American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test

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What is noted as the most common type of melanoma?

Nodular melanoma
Superficial spreading melanoma
Lentigo melanoma
Acrolentiginous melanoma

The correct answer is: Superficial spreading melanoma

Superficial spreading melanoma is recognized as the most common type of melanoma among all the various subtypes. This variant generally arises from a pre-existing nevus (mole) and is characterized by its ability to spread horizontally across the epidermis before penetrating deeper into the dermis. This horizontal growth phase often leads to a better prognosis since it allows for earlier detection and intervention. The distinctive appearance of superficial spreading melanoma includes irregular borders and varied pigmentation, making it easier for clinical identification. Due to its prevalence, increased awareness and education about superficial spreading melanoma have contributed to its early detection, which is critical in improving survival rates. Understanding the characteristics of this type of melanoma is crucial, as it can help clinicians to recognize it promptly and to differentiate it from less common subtypes that may have different growth patterns, clinical presentations, and treatment approaches.