American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test 2025 - Free Surgery Exam Practice Questions and Study Guide

Decreased selenium levels are closely associated with the development of cardiomyopathy, particularly a type known as Keshan disease. Selenium is an essential trace element that plays a critical role in various physiological processes, including antioxidant defense and the proper functioning of the immune system. It is integral to the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which helps protect cells from oxidative stress.

When selenium levels are insufficient, the heart muscle can become damaged due to increased oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to dilated cardiomyopathy. This condition is characterized by the enlargement of the heart, reduced ability to pump blood, and symptoms of heart failure. Epidemiological studies in regions with low selenium soil content have confirmed a higher prevalence of this condition, further establishing the link between low selenium and cardiomyopathy.

While other conditions like diabetes, anemia, and neuropathy can have complex etiologies and may relate to various nutrient deficiencies, selenium deficiency is predominantly recognized for its detrimental effects on heart health manifesting as cardiomyopathy.